The learning process

• Characteristics of learning 
• Definition of learning - change in behavior as a result of experience.
• R.A.M.P
• Result of experience.
• Built on previous experience.
  
  

• Active Process
• Practice, be involved.
  

• Multifaceted
• Incidental learning.

• Purposeful
• Relate to something.
  

• Laws of learning
• REEPIR
  
• Readiness
• Students best acquire new knowledge when they see a clear reason for doing so.
  

• Exercise
• Things repeated are better remembered.
• Have the student practice.
  

• Effect
• Emotional reaction to learning.
• Pleasant/enjoyable feeling strengthens learning.
  

• Primacy
• First impression, first thing learned, usually sticks better.
  

• Intensity
• Student will learn more from the real thing.
  

• Recency
• Thing most recently learned are best remembered.

• How people learn
• Perception
•  Initially all learning comes from perception
• Gives meaning to sensation

• Directed to the brain by one or more of the senses
• Sight, hearing, touch, smell, and taste.

• Factors That Affect Perception
• Physical organism:
• Sensing the world around them.
  
  

• Goals and values:
• Every experience and sensation is colored by the individual’s own beliefs and value structures.
  

• Self-concept:
• A student’s self-image.
  

• Time and opportunity:
• Proper sequence and time are necessary to perceive.
  
  

• Element of threat:
• Narrows the perceptual field and limits attention.
  

• Insight
• The grouping of perceptions into meaningful wholes
• Tie experiences together

• Motivation
•  Force that governs a student’s progress and their ability to learn
• Negative motivation: fear, threats.
• Positive motivation: desire for personal gain.

• Levels of learning 
• R.U.A.C
• Rote - (memorizing)
• Repeating something back which was learned but not understood.

• Understanding - (why)
• Comprehend or grasp the nature or meaning of something.

• Application - (training)
• The act of putting something to use that has been learned and understood.

• Correlation - (real life)
• Associating what has been learned, understood, and applied with previous or subsequent learning.

• Learning skills
• Desire to learn
• Relate to student goal.

• Pattern to follow
• Focus on one piece at a time, step by step.
  

• Perform the skill
• Practice, feedback.

• Knowledge of result
• Keep student informed of progress.

• Progress follow pattern - learning plateau
• Level out of learning.
• Can be maneuver specific or period of time.
• Could be physical or emotional.
  

• Duration and organization.

• Forgetting and retention
• Memory
• Sensory register.
• Short term.
• Long term.

• Theories of forgetting
• Disuse .
• Interference.
• Repression.
  

• Sensory register
• Receives initial stimuli from the environment and process them according to the individuals concept of importance.

• Short term memory
• Knowledge that fades quickly, approximately 30 sec
• Two places it may move to
• Long term memory.
• Out of mind.
  

• Long term memory
• Muscle memory.
• Shortcuts, acronyms.

• Retention of learning
• Praise
• Stimulates Remembering.
  

• Association
• Promotes recall.
  

• Favorable Attitudes
• Aid retention.
• Positive or rewarding objectives.

• Learning With All Senses Is Most Effective

• Meaningful Repetition
• Aids Recall.
• Better perception when subject is repeated.
  

• Mnemonics:
• Pattern of letters, ideas, visual images assist remembering.

• How the transfer of learning affects the learning process 
• Definition of transfer of learning
• Ability to apply knowledge or procedures learned in one context to new contexts.

• Positive transfer: A helps B
• Negative transfer: A hurts B

• Habit patterns affecting learning
• The formation of correct habit patterns from the beginning of any learning process is essential to further learning.
• Primacy.
  
  
  
  
  
  .