ATC clearances
- Pilot responsibility
- Read back, execute promptly
- Climb at optimum rate between 500 - 1500 fpm
- Advise ATC if unable to climb with at least 500 fpm
- If clearance is not fully understood, request clarification
- When operating in VMC, see and avoid
- IFR flightplan and ATC clearance
- Required for all IFR aircrafts operating in controlled airspace (91.175)
- Flightplan should be filed at least 30 minutes before ETD
- It will time out 2 hours after ETD if not opened
- Elements of an IFR clearance
- Clearance limit
- Route
- Altitude
- Frequency
- Transponder
- Abbreviated clearance
- … “then as filed” instead of saying whole route
- Additionals will still be provided (altitude, frequency, transponder)
- Never accept if you made changes to your flight plan
- ATC might not receive new/change flightplan
- Request full clearance
- Inform ATC on initial contact that you have amended/replaced the flight plan with a new one
- VFR-on-Top
- May be requested while still on an IFR flight plan
- Permits you to fly VFR cruising altitudes of your choice (91.115)
- You still have to follow IFR applicable (MEA,position reporting,etc)
- Advise ATC before any altitude change
- IFR FLIGHT PLAN WON'T BE CANCELED
- Different than VFR over the top, which is on a VFR flight plan
- Approach clearance
- ATC will use “...cleared for approach” if only one approach exists or to authorize you to use an approach of your choice
- Otherwise they will restrict you to one specific approach
- VFR restrictions to an IFR flight plan
- ATC may direct you to “remain VFR conditions”
- This can only be initiated by the pilot by for example
- Placing “VMC training flight only” in remark section of flightplan
- Requesting VFR climb/descent
- You must remain in VFR conditions and maintain your own traffic separation while in VFR
- Composite flight plan
- Used if portion of the flight will be under VFR and another under IFR
- Request IFR clearance before reaching fix when IFR operations is proposed
- It is your responsibility to open/close the VFR portion of the flight plan
- Tower enroute control clearance - TEC
- Permits you to fly short, low altitude routes between terminal areas
- You are transferred between “departure control” and “approach control” facilities
- Intended flight below 10000 feet MSL with a duration of less than 2 hours
- Includes acronym “TEC” in the remark section of the flight plan
- Departure restrictions
- “Hold for release”, may not depart until you receive release time, or given additional instructions
- “Release time”, earliest time you may depart
- Additional heading and altitude restrictions may be issued
- Clearance read back
- Always read back, specifically if you feel the need for confirmation
- Ask for clarification if any ATC instruction is in doubt
- Do not read back a best guess
- Always read back
- Altitude assignment
- Vectors
- Runway assignment
- Numbers
- Clearance void time
- Given if you are departing from an area without a control tower
- If the clearance void time is 15:30, last chance to depart is 15:29
- You have 30 minutes after the void time to contact ATC, or they will star search and rescue
- No other IFR traffic will be released until you have contacted ATC or void time + 30 minutes
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