IFR emergencies
- Declaring an emergency
- Minimum fuel
- Your flight should be planned to have enough fuel to make it to your destination + alternate + 45min
- Gyroscopic instrument failure
- Lost of gyro, and glide slope indicator
- “No-gyro” approach
- Controller observes the radar track and issues instructions “Turn right/left”, or “stop turn”
- All turns should be standard rate until on final, then one-half standard rate on final approach
- Lost of glide slope on a ILS or LOC app
- Identify the MAF based on the time for the app. described on the plate
- Reduce the minimum altitude to the LOC minimum
- Communication failure
- Causes
- ATC outage
- Aircraft electrical system failure
- Aircraft com system component malfunction
- Radio
- Speaker
- Microphone
- Headset
- Quiet on frequency for longer than few minutes, contact ATC
- No answer, wait at least 1 minute
- Attempt radio communication
- Other ATC frequency (last one, one expected next)
- Another aircraft on same frequency
- FSS
- 121.5 (emergency)
- If able to receive, but not transmit, ATC may request use of transponder IDENT
- Actions to take?
- Continue on flight plan or deviate?
- 14 CFR 91.185
- In VFR?
- Stay VFR and land as soon as practical
- In IFR? (AVEF AME)
- Route
- Assigned
- Vectored
- Expected
- Filed
- Altitude - highest of the following
- Assigned
- Minimum altitudes
- Expected
- Emergency approach procedures
- If cleared to destination airport
- Select IAP
- Select most appropriate IAF (e.g., one included in flight plan)
- Proceed to selected IAF
- Commence descent and approach without delay
- If cleared to fix from which begins an approach
- Commence descent and approach (as close as possible to) EFC time
- No EFC time, commence descent and approach (as close as possible to) ETA
- If clearance limit not a fix from which begins an approach
- Leave fix at EFC or, if no EFC, on arrival
- Proceed to fix from which begins an approach
- Commence descent and approach (as close as possible to) ETA
- Malfunction reports FAR 91.187
- Report as soon as practical to ATC any malfunction of navigational, approach, or communication equipment occurring in flight
- The report must have (AEDN)
- Aircraft identification
- Equipment affected
- Degree to which capability of the pilot to operate under IFR is impaired
- Nature and extent of assistance desired from ATC .
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