Monday, July 8, 2019

Ground lesson 15 (3) - Attitude instrument flying and instrument failure

Attitude instrument flying: fundamental skills



  • Instrument cross-check
    • The continuous and logical observation of instruments for altitude and performance info
      • Necessary do to human error

  • Instrument interpretation
    • Understanding the information provided by cross-checking
    • No one instrument is more important than the other, however, during some maneuvers, some instruments provide more useful information
    • These instruments are referred to as primary

  • Aircraft control
    • The result of accurately interpreting the flight instruments 
    • Important to know the approximate power setting required for your aircraft

  • Scanning errors
    • Fixation 
      • Full concentration on one instrument

    • Emphasis 
      • Spend to much attention on one instrument

    • Omission
      • Forget to interpret one or more instruments

  • Scanning techniques
    • Hub and spoke
      • Attitude indicator in between all others

    • Rectangular 
      • Goes round and round
  • Primary/support concept
    • Some instruments give you more info than others 
    • Primary/supporting
      • Straight and level
        • Primary pitch : altimeter
        • Primary bank: HI
        • Primary power: ASI
        • Supporting : Vsi , turn coordinator, MAP

      • Constant airspeed climb
        • Primary pitch: ASI
        • Primary bank: HI
        • Primary power: MAP

      • Constant rate climb
        • Primary  pitch: VSI
        • Primary bank: HI
        • Primary power: ASI

      • Turn
        • Attitude indicator is primary bank when entering the turn
        • When turn coordinator indicates standard rate turn, it becomes primary

  • Unusual attitude recovery 
    • May be caused by turbulence, disorientation, instrument failure, confusion,etc.
    • Correct for bank, pitch, and power with attitude indicator and map - almost simultaneously 
      • Nose-high attitude
        • Add Power FIRST → full throttle

      • Nose-low attitude
        • Decrease power FIRST→ pull throttle


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