Ground Lesson 22 (10): Enroute charts and procedures

Enroute and area chart

• Enroute charts
• Navaids 
• Localizer is only shown when it can be used to ID a fix
  
  
• Victor airways 
• Even numbers for east/west - odd numbers for north/south
• Some victor airways can share one or more segments
  
  
• MTA/MCA → minimum turning/crossing altitude
• Usually only applies above 10000 feet MSL
• Will be charted by (X) - flag accompanied by a note
  
  
• MEA → minimum enroute altitude 
• when you file a flightplan, you should fly at least this altitude
  
  
• MOCA → minimum obstacle clearance altitude
• Obstacle clearance
• Navigational signal assured within 22nm of VOR
  
  
• OROCA
• Obstacle clearance (1000/2000)
  
  
• Single direction route are indicated by an arrow on the black box with the victor airway number 
• Change over points 
• Given when you should switch to the next VOR at another point than halfway
• They will indicate the distance on both VOR’s
  
  
• Front panel
• Communication

• Radio technique 
• Proper communication is critical in IFR flight
• Work on effective listening 
• Watch out for similar call signs
• Question anything you find confusing or unclear
• Listen before you transmit to not step over other people 
• Think before you transmit 
• read back frequency change 
• State altitude on initial contact 
• ATC can compare reported altitude with transponder
  
  
• Airports

• Civil airports 
• Green symbol → available IAP
• Blue symbol → civil and military approach procedure 
• Brown → no instrument approach
  
  
• Airspace

• Indicated by a box under the airport name 
• Lateral dimensions are only given to class B and C
  
  
• Area charts

Enroute procedures

• Enroute radar procedures

• You will be handed off from “departure” to ARTCC
• Radio communication will be 
• “Aircraft 123, Portland departure, contact Seattle center on 124.2”
• Answer:  Seattle center 124.2, Aircraft 123
  
  
• From there you get handed off between ARTCC controllers 
• Read back frequency change so the controller doesn't worry about lost com.
• Initial contact to Seattle center
• Seattle center, Aircraft 123 level/climbing/descending  1400 for 2300
• This is to verify mode C altitude
  
  
• Reporting procedures

• Reporting procedure at all time 
•  Marvelous VFR 5 - C
  
  

M	Missed approach
A	Airspeed change +/- 10kts or 5% of filed airspeed whichever is greater
R	Reaching a holding point/fix. Report time and altitude
V	VFR on top
E	ETA change =/- 3 mins ***
L	Leaving a holding fix/point
O	Outer marker ***
U	Unforecasted Weather
S	Safety of flight
V	Vacating an altitude
F	Final approach fix ***
R	Radio/nav failure
5	unable to maintain a 500 fpm climb
C	Compulsory reporting fix

• Reporting in non radar coverage 
• Over compulsory reporting point if you don't have radar coverage 
• Outside radar coverage is very rare ( normally radar failure)
  
  
• Enroute navigation using GPS

• Load way-points
  
  
• Air traffic service routes

• Designed for channeling the flow of traffic as necessary for the provision of air traffic services
  
  
• Enroute RNP

• Ground Lesson 16
  
  
• Special use airspace

• Ground Lesson 6
  
  
• Temporary flight restrictions

• Ground Lesson 6
  
  
• IFR cruising and minimum altitudes

• Ground Lesson 6  / chart
  
  
• Descending from the enroute segment

• ATC will give you a descent clearance so you arrive in the approach control airspace 
• AIM 5 - 3 → enroute procedure
  
  
• Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums (RVSM)

• Reduction of vertical space between aircraft from 2,000 to 1,000 feet at flight levels from 29,000 feet up to 41,000 feet
• Implemented as a means to increase airspace capacity and access to more fuel-efficient flight levels
  
  
  
  
  
  .