Ground Lesson 26 (14): Approach procedures

Approach procedures

• Preparing for the approach
• Preflight
• IMARTHA
• 6T’s - each fix
  
  
• Approach chart review
• IMARTHA
  
  
• Approach clearance
• You must be cleared for the approach before executing
  
  
• Executing the approach
• You must have at least a textual approach plate with you to execute the approach
  
  
• Straight-in approach
• Use of ATC radar for approaches
• Approaches which require a course reversal
• Used when necessary to reverse your direction to align aircraft with the final approach course 
• If a procedure turn is charted, you must fly the procedure turn
• Exceptions 
• Controller clears you for a straight in
• “No PT”
• Vectors to final
• Timed approach from a holding fix
• Hold in lieu
  
  
• Timed approaches from a holding fix
• You are given a time  to depart the holding fix inbound
• Adjust your holding pattern to leave the fix at the given time
  
  
• Final approach
• Tamall
• Start looking for the runway
  
  
• Circling approaches
• Circling from the final approach course to reach your desired runway
• Must remain at or above circling MDA until you can make a normal descent for landing
• Must remain 1.3 NM radius from the end of all runways in “category A”
  
  
• Sidestep maneuver
• May be necessary where there  are two parallel runways
• Follow approach course to one runway then sidestep to the other as soon as possible when in sight
  
  
• Missed approach procedures
• Execute when over the missed approach point and runway not in sight → Fly to the hold
  
  
• Contact approach (AIM 5 - 4 - 25)
• Something you can request if you are clear of clouds and 1 SM visibility 
• ATC can't initiate it, you must request it 
• Used in lieu with an IAP, you can proceed to land in visual conditions
• You are responsible for obstacle clearance 
• ATC provides separation from IFR and SVFR traffic, not VFR
  
  
• Visual approach (AIM 5 - 4 -23)
• IFR procedure that authorizes a pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds 
• ATC can assign it or you can request it 
• You must have airport or proceeding identified aircraft in sight 
• Weather must be at least 1000 foot ceilings and 3 SM visibility 
• VFR cloud clearance not applicable 
• No missed approach, only go around
• If you report proceeding aircraft in sight, you are responsible for traffic separation
  
  
• Approach types 
• Precision approach
• ILS: instrument landing system
• PAR: precision approach radar 
• MLS: microwave landing system (none in USA since 2008)
  
  
• Non-precision approach
• LOC → localizer
• VOR → vhf omnidirectional range 
• NBD → non directional radio beacon 
• ASR → airport surveillance radar 
• LDA → localizer type directional AID
• SDF → simplified directional facility 
• RNAV → area navigation
  
  
• APV - approach with vertical guidance
• Does not meet precision approach standards 
• RNAV
• LPV → localizer performance with vertical guidance 
• Lnav/Vnav → lateral/vertical navigation 
• baro-Vnav → uses aircraft's altimeter to compute and present a glide path to the pilot
  
  
  
  
  
  
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