Ground lesson 1 - flight training

• Introduction to Pilot resources
• FAR/AIM
• Federal Aviation Regulation / Aeronautical Information Manual
• Part 61 - Certifications: pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors 

• 14 CFR subpart C - Student pilot
• § 61.81 – Applicability.

• 14 CFR Subpart E - Private Pilots
• § 61.102 – Applicability.

• Part 91 - General operating and flight rules

• Role of the FAA
• National authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation

• Fixed base operators
• Organization granted the right by an airport to operate at the airport and provide aeronautical services such as fueling, hangaring, tie-down and parking, etc.

• Eligibility requirements for student pilots
• Part 61.83
• At least 16 years of age.
• Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.

• Eligibility requirements for private pilots
• At least 17 years of age.
• Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.
• Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
• Conducted the training or reviewed the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105.

• Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b)
• Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
• Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)
• Certify that the person is prepared for the practical test

• Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating before applying for the practical test.
• Pass the practical test on the areas of operations listed in part 61.107(b)
• Hold a student pilot certificate. Sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate.

• Types of training available
• Part 61 or Part 141
• Ground training
• Flight training

• Phases of training
• Pre solo → 1st solo → Cross country → Practical test preparation

• Private pilot privileges and limitations - FAR 61.113
• Privileges
• Act as PIC
• Share expenses

• Limitations
• May not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire
• In the FAR there are some exceptions

• Aircraft requirements
• ARROW
• Airworthiness certificate - (FAR 91.203)
• Registration (state / federal) - (FAR 91.203)
• Radio license
• pOh - (FAR 91.9)
• Weight and balance - (FAR 23.1589)

• Student pilot requirements - FAR 61.51 (i)
• Smile
• Student certificate
• Medical certificate
• ID
• Logbook
• Endorsements

• Maintenance requirements
• AVIATES
• Annual inspection (FAR 91.409)
• VOR check (30 days)
• I00 hour inspection (for hire or flight instruction - FAR 91.409(b))
• Airworthiness Directives (FAR part 39)
• Transponder (24 months - FAR 91.413)
• ELT (12 months - 

  FAR 91.207

   )
• Static and Altimeter inspection  (24 months - FAR  91.411)

• VFR requirements Day and Night
• TOMATOFLAMES  –––––––––––––––––––––––––  FLAP

Airspeed indicator	Fuses (spares) or circuit breakers
Tachometers	Landing light (if for hire)
Oil pressure	Anti Collision lights
Manifold pressure	Position lights
Altimeter	Source of electricity
Temperature sensor (liquid-cooled)
Oil temperature (air cooled)
Fuel gauge
Landing gear position
Anti collision lights
Magnetic compass
ELT
Seat belts

• Medical Certificate -

  FAR 61.23

  
  
   

• Introduction to human factors
• Aeronautical decision making
• Pilot decisions and/or actions while flying
• 75% of accidents are human factor related
• Usually not a single decision, but a chain of events triggered by a number of factors
• Decision making process
• First step →  Problem definition
• Recognizing that a change has occurred, or that an expected change did not occur

• Second step → evaluate the need to react
• Determine the action to resolve the problem in the time available
• After the decision has been made, evaluate the outcome and see if additional steps must be taken
• Decide model

  Detect	Changes in the condition of flight
  Estimate	The need for correction action
  Choose	Desired outcome of corrective action
  Identify	Corrective action needed for the situation
  Do	The necessary action
  Evaluate	The effect of the action

• PPP model

  Perceive →  Given set of circumstances

  Process → By evaluating their inspection on flight safety

  Perform → Implementing the best course of action

• Crew resource management (CRM)
• Team work
• Use all resources available
• Ask copilot for help
• Try to stay 5 minutes ahead of the aircraft

• Workload management
• Stay ahead of the aircraft
• Doing as much as possible in advance will reduce stress during high workload situations
• Prioritize
• ANC → aviate, navigate, communicate

• 
• Resource use
• Be familiar with the aircraft equipment
• Use any available resource provided in the aircraft

• Pilot in command responsibilities - FAR 91.3/91.7/91.107
• Directly responsible and final authority as to, the operation of the aircraft
• In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency 
• Each pilot who deviates from a rule shall upon request of the administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the administrator.
  
  
  
• Communication
• Radio technique 
• Proper communication is critical in IFR flight
• Work on effective listening 
• Watch out for similar call signs
• Question anything you find confusing or unclear
• Listen before you transmit to not step over other people 
• Think before you transmit 
• Read back frequency change , runway numbers
• State altitude on initial contact 
• ATC can compare reported altitude with transponder

• Standard phraseology 
• Immediately → execute without delay
• “Climb at pilot's discretion “ → start/rate/temporarily level off is at your discretion 
• Once an altitude is left, you may not return to that altitude

• “When able” → pilot can delay, but should seek first opportunity to comply 
• “Cruise 5000” → you can climb/descend and level off between MDA and 5000’
• If you report leaving an altitude, you cannot return to that altitude

• “Resume own navigation” → resume your own navigation responsibilities

• Situational awareness
• Know your position 
• Know positions of other aircraft's 
• Know the terrain
• Pay attention to ATC
• Keep track of weather and wind
• Know your aircraft
• Keep an eye out for other factors that can affect your flight
  
  
  
• Alcohol, drugs, and performance - FAR 91.17
• Illness and disease may affect your performance, as can the drug meant to fight them
• Consider the illness you are treating, and the side effects of the drug you are taking
• No person may act or attempt to act as a crew-member of a civil aircraft
• Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic beverage
• While under the influence of alcohol
• While using any drug that affects the person's faculties in any way contrary to safety 
• While having an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater in a blood or breath specimen
  
  
  
• Aviation physiology
• Performance and limitations of the body in the flight environment 
• Pressure effects
• As the aircraft climbs and descends, outside air pressure changes
• Pressure can be trapped in the ear, teeth, sinus cavities, and others, causing pain

• Motion sickness
  
  
• Stress 
• Fatigue

• Fitness for flight
• I.M.S.A.F.E
• Illness/ medication/ stress/ alcohol/ fatigue/ eat, emotion.

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