Departure charts
- Obtaining charts
- Departure standards
- Climb at least 200 feet/NM until minimum IFR altitude
- Cross departure end of runway at least 35 feet AGL
- Climb to 400 feet AGL above departure end of runway before turning
- Assessment area extends 25NM from airport in non-mountainous and 46NM in mountainous terrain
- Beyond this distance it is the pilot's responsibility for obstacle clearance
- Must make sure your aircraft is able to perform the climb necessary
- Instrument Departure Procedures (DPs)
- Purpose
- Provides transition between departure airport and enroute segment
- Simplifies clearance delivery
- Reduces radio congestion
- Ensures obstacle clearance
- Makes departure more predictable
- Controls the flow of traffic
- Diverse departure assessment area
- If an aircraft may turn in any direction from a runway within the limits of the assessment area and remain clear of obstacles that runway passes what is called a diverse departure assessment
- No ODP is published.
- Obstacle Departure Procedures (ODPs)
- Do not need ATC clearance
- Developed only for obstacle clearance
- Usually textual but can be graphical if it is complex ( tabled “obstacle”)
- As a general rule, ATC will only assign an ODP from a non-towered airport when necessary for traffic separation
- Intended to be used only in the absence of radar vectors or SID
- Standard Instrument Departures (SIDs)
- To reduce congestion and pilot/controller workload
- Always depicted graphically, usually accompanied by explanatory text
- Developed by ATC based on
- Most frequent transition
- Noise abatement
- Obstacle clearance
- RNAV SID’s can only be flown with IFR approved RNAV equipment
- ATC clearance for a specific SID must be given prior to flying a SID
- Diverse Vector Area
- This DVA may be established below the MVA or Minimum IFR Altitude (MIA) in a radar environment at the request of Air Traffic
- Vector DPs
- ATC provides vectors that start after takeoff
- Continue until you reach filed assigned route or one of the fixes on the chart
- Does not show departure routes or transitions
- Usually contains an initial heading and altitude to climb
- Chart format and symbology
- Takeoff minimums
- FAR 91.175 (f)
- Use minimums from commercial operators
- For aircrafts with 2 engines or less,Visibility 1 SM
- For aircrafts with more than 2 engines, visibility ½
- Do not depart if weather is so bad that you cannot return to the airport in case of emergency
- Note the minimum safe altitude
- Non-standard takeoff minimums
- This means the minimums are higher than standard
- Indicated by a triangle - T
- Published in the front of the terminal publications
- Departure chart
- Obstacle notes
- These are low obstacles within 1 NM of departure runway that penetrate the standard design criteria
- They would require a higher climb rate than 200 feet/NM
- Instead notes are published so pilots can avoid them
- Graphic departure procedures
- Textual departure procedures
- Radar departures
- The tower will advise you of a heading to fly
- Might be issued in IFR clearance or just before takeoff
- Coordination of your flight is now responsibility of the controller
- VFR departures
- Could be an alternate to a departure procedure if conditions permit
- You are responsible for obstacle clearance and traffic separation
- Must obtain clearance before entering IMC
- You can also request “climb in VFR”
- Selecting a departure method
- Choose departure that will give smoothest transition
- Make sure your aircraft can handle the required minimums
- Must be in possession of at least a textual version of the departure
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