- Introduction to Pilot resources
- FAR/AIM
- Federal Aviation Regulation / Aeronautical Information Manual
- Part 61 - Certifications: pilots, flight instructors, and ground instructors
- 14 CFR subpart C - Student pilot
- § 61.81 – Applicability.
- 14 CFR Subpart E - Private Pilots
- § 61.102 – Applicability.
- Part 91 - General operating and flight rules
- Role of the FAA
- National authority with powers to regulate all aspects of civil aviation
- Fixed base operators
- Organization granted the right by an airport to operate at the airport and provide aeronautical services such as fueling, hangaring, tie-down and parking, etc.
- Eligibility requirements for student pilots
- Part 61.83
- At least 16 years of age.
- Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.
- Eligibility requirements for private pilots
- At least 17 years of age.
- Be able to read, speak, write, and understand the English language.
- Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
- Conducted the training or reviewed the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105.
- Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 61.105(b)
- Receive flight training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who:
- Conducted the training in the areas of operation listed in 61.107(b)
- Certify that the person is prepared for the practical test
- Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of this part that apply to the aircraft rating before applying for the practical test.
- Pass the practical test on the areas of operations listed in part 61.107(b)
- Hold a student pilot certificate. Sport pilot certificate, or recreational pilot certificate.
- Types of training available
- Part 61 or Part 141
- Ground training
- Flight training
- Phases of training
- Pre solo → 1st solo → Cross country → Practical test preparation
- Private pilot privileges and limitations - FAR 61.113
- Privileges
- Act as PIC
- Share expenses
- Limitations
- May not carry passengers or property for compensation or hire
- In the FAR there are some exceptions
- Aircraft requirements
- ARROW
- Airworthiness certificate - (FAR 91.203)
- Registration (state / federal) - (FAR 91.203)
- Radio license
- pOh - (FAR 91.9)
- Weight and balance - (FAR 23.1589)
- Student pilot requirements - FAR 61.51 (i)
- Smile
- Student certificate
- Medical certificate
- ID
- Logbook
- Endorsements
- Maintenance requirements
- AVIATES
- Annual inspection (FAR 91.409)
- VOR check (30 days)
- I00 hour inspection (for hire or flight instruction - FAR 91.409(b))
- Airworthiness Directives (FAR part 39)
- Transponder (24 months - FAR 91.413)
- ELT (12 months -
FAR 91.207
) - Static and Altimeter inspection (24 months - FAR 91.411)
- VFR requirements Day and Night
- TOMATOFLAMES ––––––––––––––––––––––––– FLAP
- Medical Certificate -
FAR 61.23
- Introduction to human factors
- Aeronautical decision making
- Pilot decisions and/or actions while flying
- 75% of accidents are human factor related
- Usually not a single decision, but a chain of events triggered by a number of factors
- Decision making process
- First step → Problem definition
- Recognizing that a change has occurred, or that an expected change did not occur
- Second step → evaluate the need to react
- Determine the action to resolve the problem in the time available
- After the decision has been made, evaluate the outcome and see if additional steps must be taken
- Decide model
DetectChanges in the condition of flightEstimateThe need for correction actionChooseDesired outcome of corrective actionIdentifyCorrective action needed for the situationDoThe necessary actionEvaluateThe effect of the action
- PPP model
Perceive → Given set of circumstancesProcess → By evaluating their inspection on flight safetyPerform → Implementing the best course of action
- Crew resource management (CRM)
- Team work
- Use all resources available
- Ask copilot for help
- Try to stay 5 minutes ahead of the aircraft
- Workload management
- Stay ahead of the aircraft
- Doing as much as possible in advance will reduce stress during high workload situations
- Prioritize
- ANC → aviate, navigate, communicate
- Resource use
- Be familiar with the aircraft equipment
- Use any available resource provided in the aircraft
- Pilot in command responsibilities - FAR 91.3/91.7/91.107
- Directly responsible and final authority as to, the operation of the aircraft
- In an in-flight emergency requiring immediate action, the pilot in command may deviate from any rule of this part to the extent required to meet that emergency
- Each pilot who deviates from a rule shall upon request of the administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the administrator.
- Communication
- Radio technique
- Proper communication is critical in IFR flight
- Work on effective listening
- Watch out for similar call signs
- Question anything you find confusing or unclear
- Listen before you transmit to not step over other people
- Think before you transmit
- Read back frequency change , runway numbers
- State altitude on initial contact
- ATC can compare reported altitude with transponder
- Standard phraseology
- Immediately → execute without delay
- “Climb at pilot's discretion “ → start/rate/temporarily level off is at your discretion
- Once an altitude is left, you may not return to that altitude
- “When able” → pilot can delay, but should seek first opportunity to comply
- “Cruise 5000” → you can climb/descend and level off between MDA and 5000’
- If you report leaving an altitude, you cannot return to that altitude
- “Resume own navigation” → resume your own navigation responsibilities
- Situational awareness
- Know your position
- Know positions of other aircraft's
- Know the terrain
- Pay attention to ATC
- Keep track of weather and wind
- Know your aircraft
- Keep an eye out for other factors that can affect your flight
- Alcohol, drugs, and performance - FAR 91.17
- Illness and disease may affect your performance, as can the drug meant to fight them
- Consider the illness you are treating, and the side effects of the drug you are taking
- No person may act or attempt to act as a crew-member of a civil aircraft
- Within 8 hours after the consumption of any alcoholic beverage
- While under the influence of alcohol
- While using any drug that affects the person's faculties in any way contrary to safety
- While having an alcohol concentration of 0.04 or greater in a blood or breath specimen
- Aviation physiology
- Performance and limitations of the body in the flight environment
- Pressure effects
- As the aircraft climbs and descends, outside air pressure changes
- Pressure can be trapped in the ear, teeth, sinus cavities, and others, causing pain
- Motion sickness
- Stress
- Fatigue
- Fitness for flight
- I.M.S.A.F.E
- Illness/ medication/ stress/ alcohol/ fatigue/ eat, emotion.
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